[3.13] Throw informative SystemError rather than plain Exception when ctypes version consistency assertion fails before 3.15 deprecation (GH-146549)

[jonathandung]

See #146549.

• Issue: [<=3.14] ctypes raises plain Exception instead of more suitable SystemError when the version claimed by _ctypes does not match expectations #146549

[jonathandung]

Please add the skip news label.

[picnixz]

Don't create backports yourself. Let the bot do it afterwards.