[INLONG-12117][SDK] Support concat_struct/extract_struct/extract_binary function

[luchunliang]

Fixes #12117

Motivation

When parsing Protocol Buffer (PB) formatted data, supports extracting a subset of fields to construct Struct columns, and supports retaining certain fields in their raw PB binary format without expanding them.

Modifications

When parsing Protocol Buffer (PB) formatted data, supports extracting a subset of fields to construct Struct columns, and supports retaining certain fields in their raw PB binary format without expanding them.

Verifying this change

(Please pick either of the following options)

• This change is a trivial rework/code cleanup without any test coverage.

• This change is already covered by existing tests, such as:
  (please describe tests)

• This change added tests and can be verified as follows:

  (example:)

  • Added integration tests for end-to-end deployment with large payloads (10MB)
  • Extended integration test for recovery after broker failure

Documentation

• Does this pull request introduce a new feature? (yes / no)
• If yes, how is the feature documented? (not applicable / docs / JavaDocs / not documented)
• If a feature is not applicable for documentation, explain why?
• If a feature is not documented yet in this PR, please create a follow-up issue for adding the documentation