strnum.js

const hexRegex = /^[-+]?0x[a-fA-F0-9]+$/;
const numRegex = /^([\-\+])?(0*)([0-9]*(\.[0-9]*)?)$/;
// const octRegex = /^0x[a-z0-9]+/;
// const binRegex = /0x[a-z0-9]+/;


const consider = {
    hex: true,
    // oct: false,
    leadingZeros: true,
    decimalPoint: "\.",
    eNotation: true,
    //skipLike: /regex/,
    infinity: "original", // "null", "infinity" (Infinity type), "string" ("Infinity" (the string literal))
};

export default function toNumber(str, options = {}) {
    options = Object.assign({}, consider, options);
    if (!str || typeof str !== "string") return str;

    let trimmedStr = str.trim();

    if (trimmedStr.length === 0) return str;
    else if (options.skipLike !== undefined && options.skipLike.test(trimmedStr)) return str;
    else if (trimmedStr === "0") return 0;
    else if (options.hex && hexRegex.test(trimmedStr)) {
        return parse_int(trimmedStr, 16);
        // }else if (options.oct && octRegex.test(str)) {
        //     return Number.parseInt(val, 8);
    } else if (!isFinite(trimmedStr)) { //Infinity
        return handleInfinity(str, Number(trimmedStr), options);
    } else if (trimmedStr.includes('e') || trimmedStr.includes('E')) { //eNotation
        return resolveEnotation(str, trimmedStr, options);
        // }else if (options.parseBin && binRegex.test(str)) {
        //     return Number.parseInt(val, 2);
    } else {
        //separate negative sign, leading zeros, and rest number
        const match = numRegex.exec(trimmedStr);
        // +00.123 => [ , '+', '00', '.123', ..
        if (match) {
            const sign = match[1] || "";
            const leadingZeros = match[2];
            let numTrimmedByZeros = trimZeros(match[3]); //complete num without leading zeros
            const decimalAdjacentToLeadingZeros = sign ? // 0., -00., 000.
                str[leadingZeros.length + 1] === "."
                : str[leadingZeros.length] === ".";

            //trim ending zeros for floating number
            if (!options.leadingZeros //leading zeros are not allowed
                && (leadingZeros.length > 1
                    || (leadingZeros.length === 1 && !decimalAdjacentToLeadingZeros))) {
                // 00, 00.3, +03.24, 03, 03.24
                return str;
            }
            else {//no leading zeros or leading zeros are allowed
                const num = Number(trimmedStr);
                const parsedStr = String(num);

                if (num === 0) return num;
                if (parsedStr.search(/[eE]/) !== -1) { //given number is long and parsed to eNotation
                    if (options.eNotation) return num;
                    else return str;
                } else if (trimmedStr.indexOf(".") !== -1) { //floating number
                    if (parsedStr === "0") return num; //0.0
                    else if (parsedStr === numTrimmedByZeros) return num; //0.456. 0.79000
                    else if (parsedStr === `${sign}${numTrimmedByZeros}`) return num;
                    else return str;
                }

                let n = leadingZeros ? numTrimmedByZeros : trimmedStr;
                if (leadingZeros) {
                    // -009 => -9
                    return (n === parsedStr) || (sign + n === parsedStr) ? num : str
                } else {
                    // +9
                    return (n === parsedStr) || (n === sign + parsedStr) ? num : str
                }
            }
        } else { //non-numeric string
            return str;
        }
    }
}

const eNotationRegx = /^([-+])?(0*)(\d*(\.\d*)?[eE][-\+]?\d+)$/;
function resolveEnotation(str, trimmedStr, options) {
    if (!options.eNotation) return str;
    const notation = trimmedStr.match(eNotationRegx);
    if (notation) {
        let sign = notation[1] || "";
        const eChar = notation[3].indexOf("e") === -1 ? "E" : "e";
        const leadingZeros = notation[2];
        const eAdjacentToLeadingZeros = sign ? // 0E.
            str[leadingZeros.length + 1] === eChar
            : str[leadingZeros.length] === eChar;

        if (leadingZeros.length > 1 && eAdjacentToLeadingZeros) return str;
        else if (leadingZeros.length === 1
            && (notation[3].startsWith(`.${eChar}`) || notation[3][0] === eChar)) {
            return Number(trimmedStr);
        } else if (leadingZeros.length > 0) {
            // Has leading zeros — only accept if leadingZeros option allows it
            if (options.leadingZeros && !eAdjacentToLeadingZeros) {
                trimmedStr = (notation[1] || "") + notation[3];
                return Number(trimmedStr);
            } else return str;
        } else {
            // No leading zeros — always valid e-notation, parse it
            return Number(trimmedStr);
        }
    } else {
        return str;
    }
}

/**
 * 
 * @param {string} numStr without leading zeros
 * @returns 
 */
function trimZeros(numStr) {
    if (numStr && numStr.indexOf(".") !== -1) {//float
        numStr = numStr.replace(/0+$/, ""); //remove ending zeros
        if (numStr === ".") numStr = "0";
        else if (numStr[0] === ".") numStr = "0" + numStr;
        else if (numStr[numStr.length - 1] === ".") numStr = numStr.substring(0, numStr.length - 1);
        return numStr;
    }
    return numStr;
}

function parse_int(numStr, base) {
    //polyfill
    if (parseInt) return parseInt(numStr, base);
    else if (Number.parseInt) return Number.parseInt(numStr, base);
    else if (window && window.parseInt) return window.parseInt(numStr, base);
    else throw new Error("parseInt, Number.parseInt, window.parseInt are not supported")
}

/**
 * Handle infinite values based on user option
 * @param {string} str - original input string
 * @param {number} num - parsed number (Infinity or -Infinity)
 * @param {object} options - user options
 * @returns {string|number|null} based on infinity option
 */
function handleInfinity(str, num, options) {
    const isPositive = num === Infinity;

    switch (options.infinity.toLowerCase()) {
        case "null":
            return null;
        case "infinity":
            return num; // Return Infinity or -Infinity
        case "string":
            return isPositive ? "Infinity" : "-Infinity";
        case "original":
        default:
            return str; // Return original string like "1e1000"
    }
}